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   <dc:title>Are Spanish Children Taking Advantage of their Weekly Classroom Time?</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>López-Agudo, Luis Alejandro</dc:creator>
   <dc:creator>Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, Óscar David</dc:creator>
   <dc:subject>Rendimiento académico - Modelos matemáticos</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Motivación en educación</dc:subject>
   <dcterms:abstract>There is a common belief in Spain that a large amount of classroom time is&#xd;
 supposed to be an indicator of better academic achievement, due to children’s&#xd;
 prolonged exposure to the teaching-learning process. Nevertheless, international evi&#xd;
dence does not seem to support this concept, as the amount of weekly instruction hours&#xd;
 that children receive in Spain is well above the one provided in other countries, which&#xd;
 clearly perform better than Spain in international assessments. Because of that, this&#xd;
 current research proposes to analyse two issues regarding weekly instruction time:&#xd;
 firstly, whether or not instruction time per week affects the academic achievement of&#xd;
 Spanish children; secondly, if this potential effect differs across Spanish regions&#xd;
Autonomous Communities–. In order to do that, we have made use of student fixed&#xd;
 effects between-subjects to obtain the potential causal effect of weekly instruction time&#xd;
 on students’ academic achievement. The main results of this analysis have indicated&#xd;
 that, in general for Spain, weekly instruction time does not seem to affect children’s&#xd;
 academic achievement. However, this lack of influence may reflect the compensation&#xd;
 of different effects of instruction time per week on students’ academic achievement for&#xd;
 some Spanish Autonomous Communities–concretely, Catalonia, Navarra and the&#xd;
 Basque Country–. In the view of these results, we propose some policy interventions.&#xd;
 We also highlight the importance of studying each country’sparticularcaseinrespect&#xd;
 to this instruction time issue, as it may present different effects in each country.</dcterms:abstract>
   <dcterms:dateAccepted>2025-07-11T11:43:19Z</dcterms:dateAccepted>
   <dcterms:available>2025-07-11T11:43:19Z</dcterms:available>
   <dcterms:created>2025-07-11T11:43:19Z</dcterms:created>
   <dcterms:issued>2018-02-06</dcterms:issued>
   <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
   <dc:identifier>Lopez–Agudo, L.A., Marcenaro–Gutierrez, O. Are Spanish Children Taking Advantage of their Weekly Classroom Time?. Child Ind Res 12, 187–211 (2019).</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10630/39313</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>10.1007/s12187-018-9537-4</dc:identifier>
   <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
   <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</dc:rights>
   <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
   <dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
   <dc:publisher>Springer Nature</dc:publisher>
</qdc:qualifieddc>
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