2026-05-28T17:41:38Zhttps://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request
oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/408262026-02-03T11:09:45Zcom_10630_2254col_10630_37953
RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga author Sosa Acosta, José Raúl author Villarroel, Roberto author Cerda, Daniel author Ruiz, Cristóbal author Fernández Izquierdo, Leunam author Peón Díaz, Francisco J. author Navarrete-Astorga, Elena author Leinen, Dietmar author Del Río, Rodrigo author Hevia Zamora, Samuel Alejandro 2025-11-19T12:08:21Z 2025-11-19T12:08:21Z 2025-10-14 José Raúl Sosa-Acosta, Roberto Villarroel, Daniel Cerda, Cristóbal Ruiz, Leunam Fernández-Izquierdo, Francisco J. Peón-Díaz, Elena Navarrete-Astorga, Dietmar Leinen, Rodrigo del Río, Samuel A. Hevia, Compact TiO2 film thickness optimization and its effect on CsPbBr3-based photoanode performance for oxygen evolution reaction, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 662, 2026, 238805, ISSN 0378-7753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238805 https://hdl.handle.net/10630/40826 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238805 Compact TiO2 is an effective hole-blocking and electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite photoanodes, but its performance depends critically on synthesis conditions and layer thickness. Here we report the thermal oxidation of electron-beam-evaporated Ti to produce pinhole-free, thickness-tunable c-TiO2 films (12–83 nm) to evaluate them as ETLs in back- illuminated n–i–p CsPbBr3 photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that films thicker than 51 nm provided complete substrate coverage and yielded pinhole-free, compact layers with effective hole- blocking capabilities, which potentially reduce recombination and improve electron collection. Photoanodes were evaluated via linear sweep voltammetry to determine the influence of TiO2 thickness during water oxidation. An optimal 51 nm c-TiO2 layer yielded a photocurrent density of 4.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and an ABPE of 0.93% at 0.8 V vs. RHE, maintaining >1.5 mA/cm2 over four hours in aqueous, catalyst-free OER conditions. Thicker ETLs (65–83 nm) reduce photocurrent due to increased series resistance. These results highlight the importance of quality and precise control over TiO2 thickness. Thermal oxidation of e-beam Ti offers a reproducible route to compact, transparent ETLs that balance coverage, transmittance, and resistance for stable aqueous photoelectrochemical operation. eng Reacciones químicas Electroquímica Semiconductores Películas semiconductoras Perovskita Oxidos minerales Dióxido de titanio Compact TiO2 film thickness optimization and its effect on CsPbBr3-based photoanode performance for oxygen evolution reaction. journal article 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 URL https://riuma.uma.es/bitstreams/a881773d-295c-4580-90b8-a6c1a90732a7/download File MD5 9bb4f43093d5c7081307133d2bda8a23 55058862 application/pdf Revised_Manuscript.pdf URL https://riuma.uma.es/bitstreams/e6059d4b-c862-4d0a-a726-ac9823ae69f0/download File MD5 12b30291e6dd0cf6dfa5afbb43304e96 2402949 application/pdf Supporting Information_Compact TiO2 film thickness.pdf