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      <dc:title>Impact of a hybrid exercise intervention on subjective happiness and self-perceived health of workers: a case study</dc:title>
      <dc:creator>Núñez-Sánchez, José Manuel</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Einsle, Carmen Sarah</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López-Fernández, Jorge</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jiménez Díaz-Benito, Víctor</dc:creator>
      <dc:subject>Promoción de la salud en el trabajo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trabajadores - Ejercicio físico</dc:subject>
      <dc:description>Introduction: Physical activity-based workplace wellness programs (WPPA) are effective in improving health, well-being, and productivity among workers. Despite this, smaller organizations often face challenges in implementing these initiatives. This study assesses the effects of a structured hybrid exercise program, delivered by fitness centers, on subjective happiness, self-perceived health, and physical metrics in Spanish workers during the post-COVID period.
Methods: A pilot study was conducted over three months with 44 participants (45.5% male, 54.5% female) who were sedentary or overweight. The program included a combination of online and in-person exercise sessions. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected using validated tools, such as the SF-36 for self-perceived health and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Statistical methods included paired t-tests and multivariate analyses.
Results: The intervention led to significant improvements in subjective happiness (p = 0.034; d = 0.33) and several dimensions of self-perceived health, including vitality and general health (p &lt; 0.01; d > 0.50). Overall physical and mental health scores showed moderate enhancements, reflecting the program's effectiveness.
Discussion: The findings demonstrate the potential of hybrid exercise interventions as a practical solution for promoting well-being and happiness in small and medium-sized enterprises that cannot afford to build workplace gyms.</dc:description>
      <dc:date>2026-03-02T09:49:29Z</dc:date>
      <dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
      <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
      <dc:identifier>Núñez-Sánchez JM, Einsle CS, LópezFernández J and Jiménez Díaz-Benito V (2025) Impact of a hybrid exercise intervention on subjective happiness and self-perceived health of workers: a case study. Front. Sports Act. Living 7:1569455. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1569455</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10630/45858</dc:identifier>
      <dc:identifier>10.3389/fspor.2025.1569455</dc:identifier>
      <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
      <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
      <dc:rights>Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
      <dc:publisher>Frontiers</dc:publisher>
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