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dc.contributor.authorEspigares-Ortíz, María Patrocinio
dc.contributor.authorPalmquist-Gomes, Paul
dc.contributor.authorRos-Montoya, Sergio 
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel
dc.contributor.authorMenéndez, Leticia
dc.contributor.authorSala, Robert
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Navarro, Bienvenido
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-07T12:27:04Z
dc.date.available2016-10-07T12:27:04Z
dc.date.created2016
dc.date.issued2016-10-07
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10630/12179
dc.description.abstractThe Early Pleistocene (Late Villafranchian) sites of Orce, placed in the northeastern sector of the Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada, southeastern Spain), are key to the study of the first human settlements in the European subcontinent. Evidence of human presence and anthropic activity has been found at two sites, Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva-3. In this sedimentary basin, the hominins inhabited a mild environment rich in vegetation, which provided all resources necessary for their living, including the presence of a lake with a permanent water sheet fed by thermal springs and abundant ungulate carcasses. However, these animal resources were also focus of attention for scavenging carnivores. In Barranco León, with a chronology of 1.4 Ma, and slightly older than Fuente Nueva-3, 1.3 Ma, a deciduous tooth of Homo sp. has been unearthed in 2002 [1] and a huge assemblage of Oldowan (i. e. Mode 1) tools, made in flint and limestones, have been recovered in both localities. In addition, evidences of human modification are frequents on the bone surfaces, as cut-marks, resulting from disarticulation, defleshing and evisceration activities, and percussion marks that evidence bone fracturing for accessing marrow contents. Cut marks are mostly present on large ungulates limb bones, although a number of axial elements, as rib and vertebrae fragments, show cut marked surfaces. Percussion evidences are located almost exclusively in appendicular elements. Carnivores activities are present too, and are focused, as cut marks, on limb bones. These modifications were mostly originated by the giant, short-faced hyena of African origin Pachycrocuta brevirostris, althought the study of the fossil bones from the last four dig seasons evidence the presence of tooth marks from other carnivores of smaller body size. In any case, anthropic activity predominates in both, Barranco León and Fuente Nueva-3, which suggest a secondary access of carnivores to these areas. However, the upper archaeological level of Fuente Nueva-3, which has provided 150 coprolites and several tooth remains of P. brevirostris, is an exception to the pattern of competitive exclusion depicted above for hominins and scavenging carnivores. Taphonomic analysis of ungulate postcranial remains preserved in this level has shown increased carnivoran activity, thus evidencing a possible competition for ungulate carcasses between Homo and Pachycrocuta This work has been done in the framework of the contract Exp. B090678SV18BC funded and authorized by Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía, and the project P11-HUM-7248 by Junta deAndalucía References:[1] Toro-Moyano, I, Martínez-Navarro, B., Agustí, J., Souday, C., Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Fajardo, B., Duval, M., Falguères, C., Oms, O., Parés, J.M., Anadón, P., Julià, R., García-Aguilar, J.M., Moigne, A.-M., Espigares, M.P., Ros-Montoya, S., Palmqvist, P., 2013. The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 65, 1-9.[2] Espigares, M.P., Martínez-Navarro, B., Palmqvist, P., Ros-Montoya, S., Toro, I., Agustí, J. Sala, R., 2013. Homo vs. Pachycrocuta: Earliest evidence of competition for an elephant carcass between scavengers at Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Spain). Quaternary International. 295, 113 -125.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.subjectPaleontología - Pleistocenoes_ES
dc.subject.otherHomininses_ES
dc.subject.otherPleistocenees_ES
dc.subject.otherOrcees_ES
dc.titleEarly Pleistocene hominins in europe: the sites of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva-3 (Orce, Spain)es_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectes_ES
dc.centroFacultad de Cienciases_ES
dc.relation.eventtitleEuropean Society for the study of Human Evolution, 6th Annual Meetinges_ES
dc.relation.eventplaceAlcalá de Henares, Españaes_ES
dc.relation.eventdate14 septiembre 2016es_ES
dc.identifier.orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-9080es_ES
dc.cclicenseby-nc-ndes_ES


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