Electrospinning is widely recognized as an efficient, simple, and cost-effective technique for producing nanofibers. It has successfully led to the fabrication of various ultrafine polymer composites. This method has spurred extensive research in fields such as medicine, electronics, chemistry, and physics, where producing materials via electrospinning is very promising for revolutionizing many fields. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest research and developments on electrospun composite polymer/zeolite nanofibers and geopolymers. The study examines processing, structure, characterization, and potential applications. Detailed information on these composites, including their specific electrospinning conditions, has been thoughtfully summarized in this work. Furthermore, we address important concerns related to the technology’s limitations and existing research challenges. In the studies analyzed, a diverse range of polymers was employed, the most frequent were polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, and polylactic acid. The applications of zeolite/polymer composites were equally varied, encompassing fields such as catalysis, filtration, adsorption, and pesticide residue analysis in food samples. Moreover, these composites were found to be useful in the medical sector, including applications in dental tissue engineering and for treating bacterial infections.
