Sales of electric and hybrid electric vehicles are increasing steadily worldwide,
and consequently their presence increases in city areas. At low speeds, the low levels of noise
produced by these vehicles could become a new risk factor for road users. However, the magnitude
of the risk has not been accurately determined. In addition, its inclusion in the work environment
could pose a new risk that should be managed. Thus, in relation to low noise levels of electric and
hybrid vehicles, this study aimed to characterise the risk situations and determine the risk perception
of workers as pedestrians and internal combustion engine vehicle drivers coming into contact with
these vehicles. The data were extracted from 417 questionnaires filled out by the employees of public
service companies who come into contact with electric and hybrid vehicles during their working
day in the city of Málaga, in the region of Andalusia, Spain. According to the experiences reported,
it seems that the risk due to the low noise levels of electric vehicles is moderate and does not reach
alarming levels. These risk situations usually occurred in low speed urban areas, particularly when
crossing the road, or in semi-pedestrian areas. Almost half the respondents considered that the
electric vehicle poses a risk to other road users because it is more di cult to hear, and they believe
it likely that other road users could be injured. Despite that risk, pedestrians did not change their
way of walking or moving around the parking areas and other areas of the company. Electric and
hybrid electric cars are now required to produce sound when travelling at low speeds. Nevertheless,
the e ectiveness of this measure should be assessed once implemented and future research should
explore alternative non-acoustic measures
