This work presents an underwater optical wireless
communications (UOWC) channel model, specifically addressing
a non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) configuration, accounting for the
presence of a waving sea surface. Our model offers a com-
prehensive deterministic analysis of the ocean wave impact,
accurately determining the variable size of the beamwidth at
the receiver plane reflected by the sea surface. Results confirm
that oceanic wave variability induces severe misalignments in
optical links, creating intermittent opportunities for effective
communication. The optical-geometric analysis contributes sig-
nificantly to understanding the novel impact of ocean waves
on NLOS-UOWC systems. These findings enhance preliminary
considerations in NLOS link design, particularly in scenarios
with autonomous underwater vehicles in constant motion, aiding
in reducing pointing errors.
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