Optical biosensors have been commercially available since the early 1990s, and have been used extensively in
many areas of research in the life sciences. Optical biosensors developed for drug analysis generally exploit the high selectivity
of the antigen-antibody and drug-protein interaction. Optical biosensors can be made based on optical diffraction
or electro-chemiluminescence. High throughput screening, (HTS) which includes automated preparation of a large number
of samples and then screening of their properties in multi-well plates, improves the efficiency of research in many scientific
areas, e.g., catalyst screening, food processing, chemical synthesis, drug discovery, absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion and toxicological and cell based screening. The three most common detection techniques used in
HTS are UV–VIS absorbance, fluorescence and luminescence. In this review, we summarize some recent trends and developments
in the construction of optical chemical biosensors used in high throughput screening of drugs. Also, we have
included environmental, biological and other medical applications of biosensors
