Mejora del bienestar de los trabajadores en las operaciones de ensamblaje manual de vehículos eléctricos mediante soluciones ergonómicas y la integración de la industria 5.0.
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A medida que la industria automovilística pasa de los vehículos de combustión a los eléctricos, ha aumentado la importancia del ensamblaje de mazos de cables en la fabricación. Este proyecto aborda los retos ergonómicos a los que se enfrentan los trabajadores durante el ensamblaje de mazos de cables en la estación de parachoques de una fábrica de vehículos eléctricos. La principal preocupación es el esfuerzo físico necesario para colocar los clips que fijan el mazo de cables al parachoques, lo que conlleva un riesgo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) entre los trabajadores.
El análisis inicial consistió en desglosar las tareas de montaje y preparar la estación de trabajo con equipos de captura de movimiento y sensores de fuerza. Los participantes realizaron las tareas y se registraron sus movimientos y esfuerzos. Las evaluaciones ergonómicas realizadas con los métodos HARM, HandPak y RULA pusieron de manifiesto la existencia de riesgos significativos, lo que planteó la necesidad de introducir mejoras.
El rediseño de los clips para reducir el esfuerzo físico fue un objetivo clave, con resultados iniciales prometedores. Además, se integraron elementos de la Industria 5.0 mediante el diseño de un clip específico para su uso con robots colaborativos (cobots), con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad y reducir la incomodidad de los trabajadores.
Las herramientas de modelado humano digital (DHM) y la tecnología de captura del movimiento desempeñaron un papel crucial en la evaluación de los nuevos diseños y la simulación de diferentes escenarios. A pesar de las dificultades encontradas, como los problemas con los materiales de impresión 3D, el proyecto demostró con éxito las posibles mejoras ergonómicas y las ventajas de la asistencia robótica.
En conclusión, este proyecto pone de relieve la necesidad de tener en cuenta consideraciones ergonómicas en los procesos de fabricación para prevenir los TME, mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores y aumentar la productividad. La combinación de clips rediseñados e integración robótica ofrece una vía hacia procesos de montaje más seguros y eficientes en la industria de vehículos eléctricos.
As the automotive industry shifts from combustion vehicles to electric vehicles, the importance of wire harness assembly in manufacturing has increased. This project addresses the ergonomic challenges faced by workers during the wire harness assembly at the bumper station of an electric vehicle factory. The primary concern is the physical strain required to apply clips, leading to a risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers. The initial analysis involved breaking down the assembly tasks and preparing the workstation with motion capture equipment and force sensors. Participants performed the tasks, and their movements and exertions were recorded. Ergonomic evaluations using HARM, HandPak, and RULA methods highlighted significant risks, prompting the need for improvements. Redesigning the clips to reduce physical effort was a key focus, with promising initial results. Additionally, elements of Industry 5.0 were integrated by designing a clip specifically for use with collaborative robots (cobots), aiming to enhance productivity and reduce worker discomfort. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools and motion capture technology played a crucial role in evaluating the new designs and simulating different scenarios. Although challenges were encountered, such as issues with 3D printing materials, the project successfully demonstrated potential ergonomic improvements and the benefits of robotic assistance. In conclusion, this project highlights the need for ergonomic considerations in manufacturing processes to prevent MSDs, improve worker well-being, and increase productivity. The combination of redesigned clips and robotic integration offers a pathway to safer and more efficient assembly processes in the electric vehicle industry.
As the automotive industry shifts from combustion vehicles to electric vehicles, the importance of wire harness assembly in manufacturing has increased. This project addresses the ergonomic challenges faced by workers during the wire harness assembly at the bumper station of an electric vehicle factory. The primary concern is the physical strain required to apply clips, leading to a risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers. The initial analysis involved breaking down the assembly tasks and preparing the workstation with motion capture equipment and force sensors. Participants performed the tasks, and their movements and exertions were recorded. Ergonomic evaluations using HARM, HandPak, and RULA methods highlighted significant risks, prompting the need for improvements. Redesigning the clips to reduce physical effort was a key focus, with promising initial results. Additionally, elements of Industry 5.0 were integrated by designing a clip specifically for use with collaborative robots (cobots), aiming to enhance productivity and reduce worker discomfort. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools and motion capture technology played a crucial role in evaluating the new designs and simulating different scenarios. Although challenges were encountered, such as issues with 3D printing materials, the project successfully demonstrated potential ergonomic improvements and the benefits of robotic assistance. In conclusion, this project highlights the need for ergonomic considerations in manufacturing processes to prevent MSDs, improve worker well-being, and increase productivity. The combination of redesigned clips and robotic integration offers a pathway to safer and more efficient assembly processes in the electric vehicle industry.
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