Estudio de la adecuación del modelo HGO de material hiperelástico para el modelado computacional del disco intervertebral torácico
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La columna vertebral humana es una estructura de gran complejidad que forma parte del esqueleto axial humano y actúa como el pilar que sustenta la parte superior del cuerpo. Se puede dividir en tres segmentos: lumbar, torácico y cervical. Actualmente, el Laboratorio de Biomecánica Clínica de Andalucía, grupo de investigación del departamento en el que se desarrolla el presente trabajo, busca obtener un modelo computacional validado de los segmentos torácico y lumbar.
En trabajos anteriores se ha obtenido un modelo numérico correspondiente al segmento lumbar, en el que se han obtenido las propiedades del disco intervertebral a través de un proceso de calibración, empleando como referencia resultados experimentales de otros estudios. Una vez hecho esto, se busca hacer lo mismo con la región torácica.
De este modo, el objetivo del presente trabajo es obtener un modelo numérico de un disco intervertebral representativo del segmento torácico que, en primera instancia, se ha definido con propiedades lumbares para comprobar la extensibilidad de dichas propiedades mediante la comparación con resultados de referencia extraídos de la literatura. Además, se han incluido en el modelo las vértebras, así como todas las estructuras ligamentosas, para estudiar igualmente la extensibilidad de las propiedades de dichos elementos. Asimismo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de sensibilidad en el que se ha comprobado la influencia que tiene cada una de las propiedades del anillo fibroso del disco intervertebral en los resultados.
En términos generales, se han encontrado importantes diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos y los de referencia, que han puesto de manifiesto la no extensibilidad de las propiedades lumbares a la región torácica, y evidencian la necesidad de calibrar las propiedades para dicha región.
Por último, se ha ejecutado una primera calibración de las propiedades torácicas del anillo fibroso con buenos resultados, quedando planteado para el futuro continuar con la calibración del modelo completo. Una vez obtenido el modelo con las propiedades adecuadas, será posible construir el segmento torácico completo.
The human spine is a highly complex structure which forms part of the human axial skeleton and acts as the pillar supporting the upper body. It can be divided into three segments: lumbar, thoracic and cervical. Currently, the Clinical Biomechanics Laboratory of Andalusia, the research group of the department in which this work is being carried out, is seeking to obtain a validated computational model of the thoracic and lumbar segments. In previous works, a numerical model corresponding to the lumbar segment has been obtained, in which the properties of the intervertebral disc have been obtained through a calibration process, using experimental results from other studies as a reference. Once this has been done, the aim is to do the same with the thoracic region. Thus, the aim of the present work is to obtain a numerical model of a representative intervertebral disc of the thoracic segment which, in the first instance, has been defined with lumbar properties in order to check the extensibility of these properties by comparing them with reference results extracted from literature. In addition, the vertebrae have been included in the model, as well as all the ligamentous structures, in order to also study the extensibility of the properties of these elements. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out in which the influence of each of the properties of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc on the results has been tested. In general terms, important differences have been found between the results obtained and the reference results, which have shown the non-extensibility of the lumbar properties to the thoracic region, and evidence the need to calibrate the properties for this region. Finally, a first calibration of the thoracic properties of the annulus fibrosus has been carried out with good results, and it is planned to continue with the calibration of the complete model in the future. Once the model with the appropriate properties has been obtained, it will be possible to construct the complete thoracic segment.
The human spine is a highly complex structure which forms part of the human axial skeleton and acts as the pillar supporting the upper body. It can be divided into three segments: lumbar, thoracic and cervical. Currently, the Clinical Biomechanics Laboratory of Andalusia, the research group of the department in which this work is being carried out, is seeking to obtain a validated computational model of the thoracic and lumbar segments. In previous works, a numerical model corresponding to the lumbar segment has been obtained, in which the properties of the intervertebral disc have been obtained through a calibration process, using experimental results from other studies as a reference. Once this has been done, the aim is to do the same with the thoracic region. Thus, the aim of the present work is to obtain a numerical model of a representative intervertebral disc of the thoracic segment which, in the first instance, has been defined with lumbar properties in order to check the extensibility of these properties by comparing them with reference results extracted from literature. In addition, the vertebrae have been included in the model, as well as all the ligamentous structures, in order to also study the extensibility of the properties of these elements. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out in which the influence of each of the properties of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc on the results has been tested. In general terms, important differences have been found between the results obtained and the reference results, which have shown the non-extensibility of the lumbar properties to the thoracic region, and evidence the need to calibrate the properties for this region. Finally, a first calibration of the thoracic properties of the annulus fibrosus has been carried out with good results, and it is planned to continue with the calibration of the complete model in the future. Once the model with the appropriate properties has been obtained, it will be possible to construct the complete thoracic segment.
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