Diseño y comportamiento mecánico de nodos articulados para estructuras tensegríticas
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El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado tiene como finalidad el diseño y análisis del comportamiento mecánico de nodos articulados de estructuras tensegríticas. Una vez realizados el diseño y la fabricación de los nodos, se realizaron varios ensayos de laboratorio con el propósito de estudiar su resistencia, su rigidez y los posibles modos de fallo.
El estudio se centra en el diseño, análisis y ensayo de dos nodos utilizados para unir los componentes (cables y barras) de una estructura tensegrítica. En una primera fase, se realizó una simulación numérica mediante SolidWorks, con el fin de prever si el diseño inicialmente propuesto cumplía con los requisitos estructurales establecidos y garantizaban un comportamiento seguro antes de su fabricación. Posteriormente, los nodos se sometieron a ensayos de laboratorio, con el propósito de analizar su respuesta real bajo carga y determinar cuál de los diseños ofrece una mejor rigidez y resistencia.
Como complemento al estudio experimental, se desarrolló además el diseño de un nodo adicional para la conexión de dos barras, planteado a partir de una propuesta del tutor. Este nodo, modelado en SolidWorks, se presenta como una solución alternativa de carácter exploratorio, orientada a ampliar el abanico de configuraciones analizadas y a servir de base para futuros estudios.
Este trabajo ha servido no solo para obtener conclusiones técnicas sobre el diseño de los nodos, sino también para reforzar el aprendizaje práctico en ingeniería, combinando el trabajo manual en taller con el uso de herramientas de análisis numérico avanzadas.
This TFG focuses on the design and analysis of the mechanical behaviour of pinned joints used in tensegrity structures. After completing the design and manufacturing of several node prototypes, a series of tests were carried out to study their strength, stiffness, and possible failure modes. The research focuses on the design, analysis, and experimental testing of two nodes used to connect the components (cables and struts) of the tensegrity structure. In the first stage, a numerical simulation was performed using SolidWorks to predict whether the proposed initial design met the established structural requirements and ensured safe performance before manufacturing. Subsequently, the nodes were subjected to mechanical tests to analyze their real response under load and determine which design provided greater stiffness and strength. As a complement to the experimental study, the design of an additional node for the connection of two bars was also developed, based on a proposal from the supervisor. This node, modeled in SolidWorks, is presented as an alternative exploratory solution aimed at broadening the range of configurations analyzed and providing a basis for future studies. This work has not only provided technical conclusions regarding the design of the nodes but has also contributed to practical engineering training, combining hands-on work in the laboratory with the use of advanced numerical analysis tools.
This TFG focuses on the design and analysis of the mechanical behaviour of pinned joints used in tensegrity structures. After completing the design and manufacturing of several node prototypes, a series of tests were carried out to study their strength, stiffness, and possible failure modes. The research focuses on the design, analysis, and experimental testing of two nodes used to connect the components (cables and struts) of the tensegrity structure. In the first stage, a numerical simulation was performed using SolidWorks to predict whether the proposed initial design met the established structural requirements and ensured safe performance before manufacturing. Subsequently, the nodes were subjected to mechanical tests to analyze their real response under load and determine which design provided greater stiffness and strength. As a complement to the experimental study, the design of an additional node for the connection of two bars was also developed, based on a proposal from the supervisor. This node, modeled in SolidWorks, is presented as an alternative exploratory solution aimed at broadening the range of configurations analyzed and providing a basis for future studies. This work has not only provided technical conclusions regarding the design of the nodes but has also contributed to practical engineering training, combining hands-on work in the laboratory with the use of advanced numerical analysis tools.
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